a = anterior an = animal bc = blastocoel bp = blastopore d = dorsal dl = dorsal lip dm = deep mesoderm fg = foregut fp = floor plate hg = hindgut l = left no = notochord ov = otic vesicle p = posterior r = right s = somite v = ventral veg = vegetal. The dorsal blastopore lip is likely the source of the PCP-instructing signal for the Xenopus neural plate. (E’,E”) Histological sections (levels indicated in (E)) highlighting expression in the otic vesicle (E’) and nephrostomes ((E”), arrowheads). (E) Staining in the otic vesicle and nephrostomes (arrowheads). Enlargements show multiciliated skin cells ( (D”) cilia indicated by arrowheads) and GRP cells after intercalation into the notochord ( (D”’) arrowheads). (D) Expression at stage 23 in ciliated cells of the epidermis and the floor plate (sagittal section shown in (D’)). (C’) Histological section (plane marked in (C)). note that the hosts dorsal lip can also be seen), the resulting Xenopus laevis tadpole develops a Siamese twin 3 days. (C) Expression in the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP) at stage 17 (dorsal explant shown in ventral view). If the half-embryo contained part of the future blastopore dorsal lip. Note that the superficial mesoderm (SM) was free of PACRG mRNA (inset in (B’)). (B’) Sagittal hemisection (plane indicated in (B)) revealing mRNA localization in deep mesoderm. Persistent differences in staining intensities between dorsal and ventral side. Enlargements (boxes) indicate higher expression levels on the dorsal side. Here, we describe a simple yet efficient protocol to perform these grafts using the anuran Xenopus laevis. The dorsal blastopore lip is now called the Spemann-Mangold organizer. ![]() (A’) Sagittal hemisection of embryo shown in (A). This meant that the dorsal blastopore lip was able to organize an almost complete embryo out of ventral tissue. (A) Expression at the four-cell stage (top view). PACRG expression during early Xenopus development.
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